8/30/2023 0 Comments Gold fish tail![]() ![]() Historical accounts indicate that NG domestication in China began at around 1000 C.E., but the earliest record of twin-tail NG dates from 1596 C.E., suggesting that twin-tail NG emerged approximately 600 years after initial domestication ( Chen, 1956 Smartt, 2001). Indeed, some NG strains have twin-tail, which are of considerable ornamental interest ( Matsui, 1934 Smartt, 2001). Interestingly, in certain natural goldfish ( Carassius auratus, NG) lineages, this conserved architecture has undergone extreme modifications due to artificial selection ( Watase, 1887 Bateson, 1894 Matsui, 1934 Chen, 1956 Smartt, 2001). The basic architecture of the vertebrate tail is highly conserved across all vertebrates ( Janvier, 1996 Kardong, 2011), including fish, even though fish caudal fins possess divergent and complex skeletal elements ( Abe et al., 2014). This analysis of genetic variation in EG sheds new light on the common ancestor of NG, as well as on the role of hybridization and artificial breeding in NG speciation. ![]() Collectively, our results demonstrated that genetic variations and differentiation contributed to the changes of morphological characteristics in hybrid offspring. At some loci, EG and NG alleles differed, showing that these morphologically similar goldfish were genetically dissimilar. Furthermore, simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping indicated that, among the six alleles, all of the EG alleles were also present in female parent (RCC), but alleles specific to the male parent (CC) were completely lost. Here, we identified the genetic variation in the chordin gene that was associated with the formation of the twin-tail phenotype in EG: a stop codon mutation at the 127 th amino acid. ![]() The genetic characteristics of EG, as well as the mechanisms underlying its formation, are largely unknown. Unlike either parent, EG possessed twin caudal fins similar to those of natural goldfish ( Carassius auratus, NG). Previously, we generated an experimental hybrid goldfish (EG) from the interspecific hybridization of red crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ♀, RCC) × common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ♂, CC). However, several authors have hypothesized that this ancestor may have been the crucian carp ( Carassius auratus). Owning to the extreme difficulty in identifying the primary generation (G 0), the common ancestor of various twin-tail goldfish strains remains unclear.
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